History 106

History 106

2/14/12

Higher Education

• More women's instituions founded
• Graduate school increasing in popularity

High Culture In The Urban Age

• Differences between “highbrow” and “lowbrow” becoming more apparent
• More activities becoming class specific.
• The higher classes began wanting to separate themselves from the lower

Idealism Shifting To Realism

• Emerging science and research
• Thinkers were now focused on the tangible evidence, the things they could see, touch, and measure
• The realities of urban life were now becoming the topic of study and art

Literary Realism

• Stephen Crane's Maggie: A Girl of the Streets
• Kate Chopin's The Awakening

Realism In Art

• Up until the 1900s, American art was mostly overshadowed by European artists
• The Armory Show in New York,1913
• The Ashcan School of Art

Evolution and Charles Darwin

• 1859: On the Origin of Species
• Natural Selection
• Clergymen vs. Scientists
• 1925: The Scopes “Monkey Trial”

Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

• “Survival of the Fittest”
• Influenced hands-off government ideaologies, “laissez-faire”

Pragmatism

• William James
• 1907: Pragmatism: A New Name for Some Old Ways of Thinking

Evolution of the Social Sciences

• Sociology: Edward A. Ross and Lester Frank Ward
• History: Frederick Jackson Turner and Charles Beard

• Rise of Anthropology

Al Jolson

• white singer
• liked blacks

Politics In The Gilded Age

Chapter 19

Politics In The City

• “Ring”: Groups of insiders who would do the grunt work of the political circle
• “Boss”: Leader of the machine
• “Machine”: Networks of citizens who would hep the bosses govern the city
• William “Boss” Tweed of NYC
• Tammany Hall

National Politics: the Party System

• After Reconstruction: Radical Republicans and Southern Democrats
• Until the 1890s, 16 states were consistently Republican; 14 Democrat
• Loyalty to political parties was tremendous

Reasons For Party Loyalty

• Geography: People were in parties because others around them were
• Religion and Ethnicity: Democrats attracted Catholic voters, recent immigrants, and poor workers; Republicans attracted northern Protestants and old immigrants

Balance Of Power In Government

• Produced stalemate
• Politicians not willing to embrace controversial or “real” issues
• The Gilded Age: A tine of “political mediocrity”?