History

Chapter 1 (Continued):

Sargon-  was the king of Mesopotamian city-state of Akkad during the 2300s BC. Sargon was a Semite who led the conquest of the city-states of Sumer, finally unifying Mesopotamia under his rule. Although the unification didn’t last, it was significant because the Akkadians assimilated Sumerian culture and spread it throughout Mesopotamia. The Sumerian and Semitic gods were seen as equal, and scribes used Sumerians cuneiform to record Akkadian Semitic texts.

Chapter 3&4  (Continued)

Athens-  Rival with Sparta. Built around an acropolis. Center of Greece and Military Area. 600 BC. One of the most powerful poleis. Its significance was that it was a very big naval power. Athens gained power after defeating the Persian war. Formed Athenian leagues and their government structure becomes democracy and becomes military and cultural center. Later they become the center of the Athenian leagues, and this worries other city-states about them becoming too powerful and them taking over the world.

The Persian Wars-  499-479 BC. This war explains the rise of Athens. A series of conflicts between the Greeks and the Persians resulted in them going against each other. The Greeks rebelled against the Persian Empire. They won in trying to defend their homeland but the Persians did not give up. They went to war again but were defeated by the Greeks. This is what caused the outcome of Greece later. The Persians took some of their city-states and when this happened trade stopped with Athens and Sparta. This caused these two (Athens and Sparta) powerful city-states to go against the Persian Empire. Because of the battle of Marathon the Athenians knew that the Persians were coming therefore they were more prepared, during this war Athens got destroyed but the population survived. In the end the Athenians were successful in winning the Persian Wars, and the Persians withdraw. (490 BC. Persians invaded Greek Peninsula and stopped at the battle of Marathon. Stand off soon happened between Athenian Army and Persians. Athenians won although they were greatly out numbered. Later Persians tried to invade Athens where they were later defeated and this made Athens seem very powerful. Later this caused the Athenians to get allies. Persians wars had a lasting effect by showing the Power of Athens.)

Greek polytheism-  Greeks had many god and many  city-states had patron gods. There wasn’t a specific god they praised to.

Essay 3:

“Colonization and Culture during the Greek Archaic Age.”

800-500 BC was Greek period as Archaic Age or Lyric Age spread out across the Mediterranean and beyond. It moved from Greece to Italy and even Spain.

Huge Numbers of Greeks left the mainland and headed out to other lands mainly because of the food shortages (Population Pressure).

They established new Poleis (city-states) and people who left were mainly men and were chosen by certain factors such as, lottery, choice, etc. This led to overseas expansion of the Greeks.