Hst 109 Exam 1 Study Guide

Study guide exam 1

• Which country initiated the era of Atlantic exploration? Portugal

• What motivated Spain to fund Columbus and other explorers? Rival Portugal, Spread Christianity, Develop new trade route

• Which of the following did NOT contribute to the ability of early conquistadors to gain a foothold in the “New World"? The use of fortifications and large European armies

• What was the chief goal of the Puritans in the 16th century? To eliminate any traces of Catholicism from the Church of England

• Why didn’t England make stronger attempts to colonize the New World before the late 16th to early 17th century? English attention was turned to internal struggles and the encroaching Catholic menace to Scotland and Ireland.

• What was the main goal of the French in colonizing the Americas? Trading, especially for furs

• Facilitated largely by local Native tribes, the main commerce in New Netherland was? Fur

• What was NOT a source of physical power in the European colonies? Vassals (e.g., European prisoners within the feudal system)

• Which of the following contributed to the use of enslaved Africans in New World plantations? American Indians sickened and died when enslaved

• Can you explain what America was like before European contact and how it changed as a result of it? Developed, civilized, have their own spiritual -> undeveloped

• Do you know the cause of the Protestant Reformation and its influence on American history? It’s a Luther’s action that divided the Church in two. The Catholic Church condemned him as a heretic, but a doctrine based on his reforms, called Lutheranism, spread through northern Germany and Scandinavia

• Do you know what the Columbian Exchange was and some of the main things that were “exchanged?”

The Columbian Exchange refers to a period of cultural and biological exchanges between the New and Old Worlds. As Europeans traversed the Atlantic, they brought with them plants, animals, and diseases that changed lives and landscapes on both sides of the ocean. These two-way exchanges between the Americas and Europe/Africa are known collectively as the Columbian Exchange.

• Do you know the names of early explorers?  Christopher Columbus, Hernán Cortés, and Francisco Pizarro,

Conquistadors is a term used to refer to the soldiers and explorers of the Spanish Empire or the Portuguese Empire in a general sense.