Argentina: Decline and Revival

ARGENTINA: DECLINE AND REVIVAL

Viceroyalty of Buenos Aires was a territorial entity that established the Spanish Crown in America as part of the Spanish Empire .It was created as a result of the Bourbon reforms provisionally , on August 1, 1776 , and in final form, the October 27, 1777 , by order of King Charles III of Spain to the proposal of the Minister of the Indies José de Gálvez y Gallardo and had its capital in the city of Buenos Aires .The Viceroyalty of the Río de la Plata was born from a split of the Viceroyalty of Peru and integrated the territories of the governorates of Buenos Aires , Paraguay , Tucuman and Santa Cruz de la Sierra , the village of Cuyo of the Captaincy General of Chile and the districts of the province of Charcas. The viceroyalty was located in the Southern Cone of South America on the Atlantic Ocean and it is disputed whether owned shores in the southern Pacific Ocean .The triumphant May Revolution in 1810, which occurred in Buenos Aires, which had been preceded by the failed revolutions of Chuquisaca and La Paz, both of 1809 in the province of Charcas, - sparked the beginning of the war of independence that ended Argentina segregation with respect to the Spanish viceroy and subsequent division.The November 18, 1811 left the position last viceroy, Francisco Javier de Elio, leaving the command of the then governor of Montevideo, Vigodet Gaspar, who became the highest Spanish authority as commander in chief and governor of the provinces of Rio de la Plata. Vigodet continued in office until the surrender of Montevideo on June 23, 1814 marked the end of Spanish rule in the Río de la Plata.

In 1835 He sanctioned the Customs Act, which protected local raw materials and products, banning in some cases and by imposing high tariffs on imported goods entering that could harm domestic production. The law favored the provinces but mostly to Buenos Aires because increased customs revenues. In this second governor , Rosas favored the sale or grant of public lands , which were taken over by large ranchers and granted an option to purchase land to tenants long lease contracts , thus facilitating access to private property to the north and south of the river salty. They maintained excellent relations with British traders. But France Rosas had not obtained a commercial treaty. French citizens were not exempt from military service and several French had imprisoned the spying charges. This caused a diplomatic row between the two countries and the French ships blockaded the port of Buenos Aires in March 1838. This blockade was maintained for two years and generated a protectionist policy required, beyond the customs law. In blocking civil war resumed. Lavalle, with French support, invaded Entre Rios and Santa Fe, but failed attempt to take Buenos Aires because they lack the necessary support.

In October 1840 France put an end to the blockade and the government of Buenos Aires gave the French the same rights as the English and decreed an amnesty. In 1845 the port of B, . Aires was blocked again by a British- French fleet. The blockade affected the interests not only foreigners but also to coastal landowners who could not freely navigate the Parana. In 1847 the British lifted the blockade and the French a year later.

In 1878 he laid the foundation of the National Autonomist Party (PAN), was the first party national Argentine oligarchy, which did not have a lot of affiliates, its members were remarkable, his decisions were not discussed and candidates for most important positions were the kidney of the oligarchy and the least important would be covered by the faithful representatives of those. The PAN could hegemony the political scene by the absence of a large proletariat and the absence of a strong middle class. In the early twentieth century the middle classes began a process of growth, strengthened unions and opposition parties began to recruit more supporters. This caused a change in political behavior and derives the ruling elite in the twilight of PAN.