Management Timeline

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Henri Fayol was born in Istanbul in 1841. At the age of 19 he was working as an engineer at a big mining company called Commentry-Fourchamboult-Decazeville in France and eventually became the director.

Through the years of working, Fayol developed what is known now as 14 principles of management. His theories in management and organisation of staff were widely influential in the beginning of 20th century. These principles explain how managers should manage and interrupt with employees.  

In 1916 Henri Fayol vacated his director position and published his ‘’14 Principles of Management’’ in the book "Administration Industrielle et Générale." In 1949 the book has been translated in English as ‘General and Industrial Management’ by Constance Storrs.  He also created a list of five basic functions of management which compliment the 14 principles:

1. Division of Work – Specialisation of the workforce.
2. Authority – Managers must have the authority to give orders. Acceptance of their responsibility.
3. Discipline – Discipline must be upheld in organizations.
4. Unity of Command – Must be only one supervisor.
5. Unity of Direction – Action must be coordinated by only one plan.
6. Subordination of Individual Interests to the General Interest – The interests of all employees must be at the same level.
7. Remuneration – Financial and non-financial compensation for all employees.
8. Centralization – Decision making.
9. Scalar Chain – Employees should be aware their position at the company.
10. Order – The workplace facilities must be tidy, organised and safe for employees.
11. Equity – Managers should be fair to staff at all times.
12. Stability of Tenure of Personnel – Low staff turnover.
13. Initiative – Employees are allowed to express new ideas.
14. Esprit de Corps – Atmosphere of trust and understanding.

Fayol's "14 Principles" was one of the earliest created theories of management and remains one of the most comprehensive and is  used to manage organisations in order to forecast, plan, process management, make decisions, coordinate and control.

Henry Gantt was an American mechanical engineer and management consultant. He developed the Gant chart and the task and bonus system in the 1910s.

Gantt chart is a way of controlling and planning work done during a project; it is used in order to record and monitor the progress of the project, and see if it is behind or ahead of the planned schedule.