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Q1. What is the major difference between transaction model of communication and constructivist model of communication? Explain using an example. (10points)

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Based on the diagrams above:

the transactional model of communication follows the simplest form of basic communication, where the source/speaker encodes his idea in a message & conveys it to a receiver/audience through a particular channel, the receiver in turns decodes the message & comprehends the message in his own way, depending on a number of factors that includes:

1. Educational background
2. Professional experience
3. Language barrier  
4. Gender
5. Age-group
6. Interests
7. Culture
8. Interference i.e. the noise or the presence of other distractors

A good example of a transactional model would be commercials, where the manufacturer approaches his clients through various channels which can be TV, radio or printed material, the presence of other competitors in the same sector, represent the interference or the noise that might/might not attract the receiver’s attention based on how accurate they target their clients based on the factors mentioned earlier

Whereas the constructivist model of communication depends on the presence of a mutual understanding between the source & the receiver, they both negotiate a common meaning based on their backgrounds, they both reach common grounds & decide on a common meaning. This model of communication is true of business deals, where both parties need each other to reach an agreement.

Q2. A) What is the difference between a business report and a proposal?

The main differences are

     In a business report:

1. Written to someone with authority (e.g. manager, boss, director) or peer (colleague, associate)
2.  Usually formal in register
3.  Writer uses language related with expressing opinion, listing reasons, making recommendations
4. Written to people who can take action or affect outcome.
5. May or may not have headings The general purpose of a report is to identify a specific problem, explain it and recommend action that will lead to a solution.

Whereas a proposal:

1. Written to someone who needs to make a decision usually which involves spending or investing money (e.g. a client or customer, a committee, someone responsible for finances within company or organization, etc.)

2. Usually formal in register, but could also be semi-formal when addressed to a committee of peers

3. Writer uses language in such a way that he is persuasive, besides listing reasons and making suggestions