Observable Artifacts

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Observable Artifacts

Artifacts include the physical signs of an organization's dominant culture. A company such as Walmart that refers to employees as "associates" on name tags states a value. Other expressions of observable culture include displays of awards such as "employee of the month," specially designated parking spaces, the manner of dress exhibited by employees, and company ceremonies.

The University of Hawaii football team under former head coach June Jones exhibited traditional elements of culture and a unique set of observable artifacts. Traditional cultural elements include trophies on display for individuals and teams in the training facility, signs on display stressing the importance of teamwork, and practice rituals that are the same as for football teams across the country. The team's observable artifacts are found in its inclusion of Hawaiian culture. The coaches wear Hawaiian shirts during games that reflect the local culture.

Espoused Values

Most organizations have guideposts that express the primary beliefs of the leadership group. Espoused values are the explicitly stated values and norms that are found in organizations. The espoused values of Honest Tea include an emphasis on sustainability and a commitment to helping communities. Espoused values are aspirations rather than outcomes. At times, the ambitions are not achieved. When a company's leadership team expresses the desire to hire, train, and promote a more diverse workforce, an espoused value exists. When the same company does not follow through with hiring decisions dedicated to that value, it remains simply an aspiration.

Enacted Values

The values and norms exhibited as employee and managerial behaviors are enacted values.