Psychological Case

1. Psychological contract is the overall set of expectations held by an individual based on what or she will contribute to the organization and what the organization will provide in return. A psychological contract is not written on paper neither are its terms explicitly negotiated. It is less formal and well defined. The contributions an individual makes to the organization include effort, ability, loyalty, skills, time and competencies. These contributions presumably satisfy various needs and requirements of the organization. On the other hand, the organization provides inducements to the individual such as pay, job security, benefits, career opportunities, and status and promotion opportunities.

2. Attitudes have three components. These components are,

- The affective component which reflects feelings and emotions an individual has toward a situation.

- The cognitive component is derived from knowledge an individual has about a situation this is subject to the individual perceptions.

- The intentional component of an attitude reflects how an individual expects to behave toward or in the situation.

The way a person feels is affected by how the person views things which in turn affects how the person reacts to what had happened.

Cognitive dissonance, therefore, occurs when there is a conflict among their attitudes that stems from certain circumstances. Usually, the intended behavior is in conflict with the affective and cognitive components.

To reduce cognitive dissonance, the individual can tell herself that the situation is only temporary or can revise cognitions and decide to work for another company that is more pleasant.

3. The creative process involves four stages which are:

- Preparation: To make a creative contribution to the business management, individuals must usually receive formal training and education in the business. Formal education and training are usually the most efficient ways of becoming familiar with vast amount of knowledge.

- Incubation: