Ancient Civilization Essay

Even though the cultural achievement of technology in both Mesopotamia and Indus River Valley seems to make these civilizations similar, their architecture and political systems differ greatly. Architecturally, Mesopotamia is built to withstand attack because of conflicts between city-states, while Indus River Valley is planned with little regard for defense because it is secluded. Politically, Mesopotamia is made up of a very separate city-state' organization , while the Indus River Valley is structured in a more central and unified manner, due to their environmental locations.

The Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley both used technology innovations that allowed them to be able to create and build their large cities and major towns. Even though both civilizations had some differences in innovations like the almighty wheel the Mesopotamia created while the Indus River Valley created the weighing system, they share many similarities in technology. They both used irrigation systems to water their crops. They use this so they can water their crops, even if they are not near any river or lake. They also both contributed to mathematics. The Mesopotamians developed a numbering system using the base of 60, and divided the circle into 360 degrees. The Indus river valley civilization invented the first ruler. The ruler was made out of a copper bar, and the oldest one dates back to c. 2650 B.C. Furthermore, they both used boats to transfer and trade goods using the very source that waters their crops, a river or a lake. Last but not least, they invented the brick, which was made out of sun-dried mud. With the innovations of the irrigation system, numbering system and the ruler, the use of boats, and finally the innovations of bricks, shows that both civilizations shared similarities in the cultural achievement of technology.

The architecture of Mesopotamia and the Indus River Valley civilization have similarities in the way their homes were built, but have many differences. Both civilizations used dried mud to build homes. Dried mud was common for both civilizations because they were both near rivers, and mud is found by water. Houses were usually three stories, with a courtyard, and few or no windows. The homes are similar, but the layouts are very different. In Mesopotamia, religion affected