Ap Us History

AP US History As the colonies of America further widened the gap with their mother country and began to develop into a successful democratic nation, numerous political changes occurred. With this gap, a democracy began to emerge in the form of two political parties. These were the Jeffersonian Republicans and the Federalists. The parties came to be characterized by certain beliefs, and the validity of those principles would come to be questioned during the Jefferson and Madison presidencies. During the time period from 1801 to 1817 the Jeffersonian Republicans, led by presidents Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, would often contradict their values and employ the Federalist ideals in regards to domestic affairs and foreign policy.

The two parties emerged early after the construction of the Constitution. The Federalist Party rose to power in the executive and legislative branches of government during George Washington's administration and continued to dominate the government until John Adams's failed bid for reelection to the presidency in 1800. While the Jeffersonian Republicans appeared within three years of the induction of the federal Constitution, as Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, and others of less importance, in the federal government united to form an opposition to Alexander Hamilton's financial programs. But it was only when the Federalist administration ordered troops to quell the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794 in Pennsylvania and later when Congress debated the ratification of Jay's treaty with Great Britain in 1795 and 1796 that the Jefferson Republican party materialized. Each party had different views on how the government should be run in regards to interpreting the Constitutions. The Jeffersonian Republicans believed in powerful state governments since the states are best if "independent", a weak federal government, and strict analysis or the "preservation of" the federal Constitution (Document A). The policies of the Jeffersonians centered on expansion to the west, trade, and commercial confrontation with nations that denied it. It was only after the conclusion of the war of 1812, as the Federalists collapsed and the country entered on a period of single-party rule known as the "era of good feelings", did the Jeffersonians approve the formation of a second national bank, a fairly protective tariff, larger peacetime forces, and other policies they had initially opposed. The Federalists, on the other hand, adopted a dominant central government with weaker state governments, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. The Federalist Party favored strengthening the federal government by establishing a national banking system, protecting American commerce, exercising authority over the states, and employing military might against both domestic and foreign threats.

Thomas Jefferson, the namesake of the Jeffersonian Republican Party, repeatedly contradicted the beliefs