Historical Policy Comparison

Historical Policy Comparison

University of Phoenix

CRIMINAL JUSTICE POLICY ANALYSIS

CJA/464

Historical Policy Comparison

We are going to look at what has been happening the last 50 years. Our group will look at policing, corrections, and courts. Our team is briefly going tell what has been going on with changes and how things are changing with the times. Some of these changes may be drastic, and some may not be so drastic. With added rights, laws, and high profile-cases they would show crackdowns on abuse of the system toward racist or discriminatory ends is proof enough that there has been improvement and change.

America in the aftermath of the revolution began in establishing government institutions, which is after Great Britain. In addition to law enforcement, United Kingdom's law enforcement goes back before 1066; when William the conqueror invaded England at Hastings. Many early Europeans first arrived to America, and they were surprised at the disorganized law enforcement (London, 2011).

Justice of the peace is who kept order in the new colonies and culprits caught stealing live stock would pay their debt to society in the pillories. The colonies grew into towns and cities and the Justice of the Peace system was not enough, it became time to create a police force to maintain law and order in the cities and towns (London, 2011).

In the early seventeenth century Boston established a night watch, which worked very well as long as the town stayed a rural and agrarian one. New York City created the Shout and Rattle Watch in 1651. In 1705 Philadelphia thought it necessary to divide the city into 10 patrol areas. This became a new and historical start in America as "organized law enforcement" (London, 2011).

After the Revolutionary and Civil Wars the growth of population was rapidly growing and industrialization in America implemented and created the development of municipal police departments. In 1833, Philadelphia created and organized an independent police squad that ran 24 hours a day. In 1844, New York created and had two police forces; one unit policing during the day, and one unit policing during the graveyard shift. During this time, police departments were supervised by the chief of police who was appointed and accountable to political bosses, but in the 1940s and 1950s within the police departments Corruption ran rampant (London, 2011).

The history of policing policy is important to provide a more accurate picture of where it has been and were policing should go in terms of ensuring a safer society (Marion & Oliver, 2006). According to Marion and Oliver (2006) " During the Reform Era, an organized movement