Drug Analysis - Tramadol

Tramadol

• BRAND NAME: Ultram, Ultram ER, Tramal

• DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Tramadol is a synthetic analgesic. Its exact mechanism of action is unknown but similar to morphine. Like morphine, tramadol binds to receptors in the brain (opioid receptors) that are important for transmitting the sensation of pain from throughout the body to.

• INDICATIONS: indicated for the management of moderate to severe pain in adults.

• CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity, severe alcoholism, use of opioids

• SIDE EFFECTS: dizziness, N/V, constipation, HA, anxiety

• ADVERSE RXNS: chest pain, rapid heart rate, hypersensitivity reactions, mental confusion, disorientation, seizures, tingling of the hands or feet, trouble breathing

• NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

1. Assess type, location, and intensity of pain before and 2-3 hr (peak) after administration.

2. Assess BP & RR before and periodically during administration

3. Assess bowel function routinely.

4. Monitor patient for seizures. Overdose may cause respiratory depression and seizures.

5. Encourage patient to cough and breathe deeply every 2 hr to prevent atelactasis and pneumonia.

Ranitidine

• BRAND NAME: Zantac, Apo-Ranitidine, Sandoz Ranitidine

• DRUG CLASS AND MECHANISM: Antiulcer: histamine2 antagonist; inhibits gastric acid secretions by inhibiting histamine at histamine2 receptors in parietal cells

• INDICATIONS: peptic ulcers, GERD, stress ulcers

• CONTRAINDICATIONS: hypersensitivity, severe liver or kidney disease

• SIDE EFFECTS: HA; confusion; nausea; vertigo; constipation; diarrhea; headache; depression; rash; blurred vision; malaise

• ADVERSE RXNS: hepatotoxicity, cardiac dysrythmias, blood dyscrasias

• NURSING RESPONSIBILITIES:

1. Assess fluid and electrolyte imbalances, including I&O

2. Monitor gastric pH (>5 is desired), BUN and crea

3. Administer drug before meals to decrease food-induced acid secretion or at bedtime

4. Instruct client to report pain, coughing, or hempotysis

5. Advise client to avoid smoking, it can hamper effectivity of drug

Meperidine