Experiment of Distillation

EXPERIMENT OF DISTILLATION

*TIMONIO, A.D

Group No.3 BSPT Univerisity of Perpetual Help System Dalta-Molino

ABSTRACT

Most of the processes in chemical industry are involved in purifying components. As a consequence, a large part of the energy use in many industrial sectors can be attributed to separation processes.

Distillation is the dominant separation technology in chemical industries despite its huge energy consumption. Distillation consumes about 3% of the total energy consumed globally which is equivalent to 2.871.018 J/año [1]

Since many separation tasks need to continue with this technology, methods to determine the minimal energy used in a given distillation task have become important. For separations of a multicomponent mixture, one way to reduce the energy requirements is using thermally coupled distillation columns instead of the conventional direct sequence. These new methods permit energy savings more than 30% in comparison with conventional sequence distillation columns. Moreover, the recent rise in energy prices and demands further emphasizes the relevance of this problem. In this experiment we aim to demonstrate that we can separate two volatile compounds from a mixture due to the different chemical properties of each compound.  We will accomplish this by a separation procedure known as distillation, which relies on each compound having a distinct and separate boiling point. Our pure products will be analyzed with gas chromatography to determine the success of the distillation. And also to separate a mixture of two miscible liquids (liquids that mix in all proportions) with different boiling points. We are doing this experiment because we want to know what exactly is distillation and how does it work and of course to identify what is the difference between condensation, evaporation and distillation and what we can get when things were distillate. Distillation is the process of heating a liquid until it boils, then condensing and collecting the resultant hot vapors. Mankind has applied the principles of distillation for thousands of years. Distillation was probably first used by ancient Arab chemists to isolate perfumes. Vessels with a trough on the rim to collect distillate, called diqarus, date back to 3500 BC. In the modern organic chemistry laboratory, distillation is a powerful tool, both for the identification and the purification of organic compounds. The boiling point of a compound is one of the physical properties used to identify it. Distillation is used to purify a compound by separating it from a non-volatile or less-volatile material. When different compounds in a mixture have different boiling points, they separate into individual components when the mixture is carefully distilled.