Unit 5 Anatomy and Physiology

Body systems

The human body has 11 systems and each system has a function and if one system is not working correctly then this will affect the body. There are several body system and the six I will be explaining are the endocrine system, nervous system, lymphatic system, reproductive system, musculoskeletal system and renal system. The body systems takes on a certain task in the body and encompass the organs.

Lymphatic system:

[pic 1] http://www.lymphnet.org/le-faqs/what-is-lymphedema/what-is-the-lymphatic-system.

Function and structure:

The lymphatic system is a group and series of capillaries and vessels that run beside the tubes but are separate to the blood vessels. The lymphatic system consists of lymph vessels, lymph nodes and lymphoid tissues.

The lymphatic system is a sewerage network that supports bodily fluids levels by keeping them balanced and protects them against any harmful infections. The lymphatic systems is made up of lymphatic vessels and these lymphatic vessels contains lymph and lymph carries out a clear fluid which contains urea, protein molecules, glucose and salts.

The spleen is the largest organ of the lymphatic system it is found in the top left part of the abdomen underneath the ribcage. The spleen works as part of lymphatic system to remove worn out cells and protecting the body and help battle against infections.  This system collects lymph fluid and return them into blood. This procedure is effective as proteins, blood and other elements are leaking out of the blood capillaries into the nearby blood tissues if the lymphatic system does not drain then it will lead to the body tissues becoming swollen.

Lymphatic vessels:

The lymphatic vessels have a thin layer of muscles and also adventitia which puts together the lymph vessels and nearby tissues.  The main parts of the lymph tissues are found in the spleen, thymus gland and tonsils.

One of the important lymphatic vessels is the thoracic duct and this starts near the bottom part of the spine then gathers lymph from the lower chest and pelvis.  The thoracic duct function is that it runs through the chest and goes drains through a big vein close the left side of the neck.  The other lymphatic vessel is the right lymphatic duct and it gathers lymph from the right side of the chest, arm, neck and it then empties into a vein near the right side of the neck.  The left lymphatic duct drains fluids from the left-hand side of the vein.  

Lymph nodes

The lymph nodes are located in various sites around the body and it is kidney shaped. The lymph nodes are located in clusters of the neck, armpit and pelvis. Located in the lymphocytes is the T-cells and B-cells which help the body fight infection.

[pic 2] http://kidshealth.org/en/parents/endocrine.html.

The endocrine system and also the hormones have an influence on function, cell and organ of the body. The function of the endocrine system is to support growth and regulate reproduction. The endocrine system is known for several things such as regulating the bodies growth and mood as well as tissues functions, metabolism, sexual function and reproductive process. The main basic function the endocrine system is to control the hormones. Hormones are chemical messengers which are sent through the body in blood. Hormones bind to receptors on certain organs, hormone levels can be affected by stress, emotions and infections.