Livestock

http://animalsmart.org/animals-and-the-environment/comparing-agriculture-of-the-past-with-today
http://animalsmart.org/animal-science/the-fields-of-animal-science/breeding-and-genetics/important-terms-in-breeding-and-genetics 
Scientists have researched and come to the conclusion of the best living conditions for livestock and therefore producing the best products such as milk and eggs and the best condition of the livestock to be sold on to be slaughtered. This thus produces more profit for the farmer with simple changes to how the livestock are kept. For example dairy cows live in conditions which have soft places to sleep on, this would therefore allow more milk to be produced producing more money for the farmer.

Scientists and nutritionists have also researched the best foods for different types of livestock which makes them produce the most of the product that the farmer is looking for and keeps the animal at its healthiest condition.

Biotechnology which was developed in the 1970’s has been used to produce seeds which are better adapted to the conditions that they are going to grow in. Crops that grow in parts of the world which have dry weather and often droughts can be genetically modified to be able to grow best in these conditions and withstand the low levels of rainfall whilst if the crops are going to be grown in an area with lots of rain and often floods this can also be genetically modified to help them grow best and withstand the high amount of precipitation.
Genetic modification can also be used where the genes of plants are changed to improve resistance to diseases and parasites and to make food more nutritious whether it be for livestock or humans. This means that the farmer can sell his products for more money if they are more nutritious and there is less chance of his crop failing and possibly ending a farmers business if the disease or parasites effect is severe enough.

Another method which was developed in 1937 and since then has become more and more effective as more research has been completed is artificial insemination. Artificial insemination means that farmers can select the best or most needed traits for their livestock and then breed these. This also allows more profit to be gained as the livestock will be worth more money to sell with these better traits. At first many viewed this method as unnatural and it may have severe consequences by being unsafe and affecting the livestock but later research showed that this wasn’t the case and artificial insemination is now widely used with ‘70% of all dairy cows in the US are being bred using artificial insemination’.
Cloning can also be used to produce the livestock and crops with the traits needed by a farmer by making a genetically identical copy of another. This can be mass used by producing many of the same plant in horticulture and can be used but not to the same mass amount for livestock.

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