Political Party Differentiation on the Policies of Marijuana in Virginia: 2000-2016

Megan Miolla

Political Party Differentiation on The Policies of Marijuana in Virginia: 2000-2016

Virginia History and Politics, POLS 311

Dr. Rosemarie A. Pelletier

Old Dominion University

October 22, 2016

Introduction

        Marijuana policy has been a highly discussed topic for many years. The attitudes toward marijuana vary greatly. However, the public opinion favoring the legalization of marijuana continuously rises and has been, steadily, since 1990 (Stringer & Maggard, 2016). The federal policy on marijuana has become more punitive over the years, while the state policy on marijuana has become more casual.  Prohibition of marijuana advocates believe it reduces use and trafficking, increases health, and discourages crime (Egan & Miron, 2006). Ironically, prohibition of marijuana has only created more problems and an increase in trafficking and use throughout the years (Egan & Miron, 2006). Virginia governors in office from 2000-2016 include Jim Gilmore, Mark Warner, Tim Kaine, Bob McDonnell, and Terry McAuliffe (Richmond Times-Dispatch, 2014). Gilmore and McDonnell were the only Republican officeholders, while Warner, Kaine and McAuliffe are all Democrats (Richmond Times-Dispatch, 2014). Each governor holds a different perspective on the policy of marijuana. Throughout the report, Virginia’s republican and democratic perspective, from 2000-2016, on the policy of marijuana, will be discussed as well as the past, present and future impacts on Virginia’s economy.

What is Marijuana?

        Cannabis, weed, pot, hash, dope, and grass are all names for one substance; marijuana. This leafy, green plant can grow in almost any climate (Gerber, 2005). The stalks contain fibers that can be used for rope, paper or canvas (Gerber, 2005). The buds on the plant contain a yellow resin called Tetrahydrocannabinol otherwise popularly known as THC (Gerber, 2005). The use of marijuana varies greatly. Furthermore, many historically famous individuals have used marijuana for various reasons. Queen Victoria of England used marijuana for menstrual cramps (Gerber, 2005). Betsy Ross made the first American flag from hemp fabric (Gerber, 2005). George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Thomas Jefferson actually grew hemp on their lands (Gerber, 2005). In a recent study, marijuana ranked ninth, in 2008, as the preferred treatment for nausea and vomiting, and ranked sixth for treating symptoms of chemo (Schwartz & Beveridge, 1994). The laws and regulations on marijuana have become laxer within the state. However, it is still a very controversial topic.  

First American Law on Marijuana Enacted in Virginia

        America’s first law on marijuana dates back to 1619. In Virginia, farmers were required to grow hemp (Gerber, 2005). The stalks were very useful for building sails and other products. The oil from the plant was used for food and fuel, and it was exchanged as a legal tender (Gerber, 2005). Pharmacies used to sell marijuana in small packages for treatment of migraines, and insomnia during this time. In 1934, Virginia outlawed the use of marijuana (Tabler, 2011). Today, officeholders debate on the decriminalization of marijuana and potential legalization.