An Analysis of the Inaugural Address of John F. Kennedy

Today, we are going to analyze the inaugural address of John F. Kennedy and appreciate its rhetorical devices. These well-used techniques make the language more elegant and effectively create the emotional impact.

The analysis will be divided into six major parts, each one focusing on one rhetorical device. We’ll start with ANTITHESIS, which presents quite frequently in the speech.

As said in the address, “United there is little we cannot do in a host of cooperative ventures. Divided there is little we can do.” Through the contrast, Kennedy pointed out the significance of lasting cooperation with the old allies1.

Also, more using of antithesis enhances the power of contradictory ideas. Such as “If a free society cannot help the many who are poor, it cannot save the few who are rich.” And again, Kennedy used “unite” and “divide” as a pair.

Using the juxtaposition of contrasting ideas, Kennedy emphasized the responsibility of citizens saying that “ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country.” The president provided people with a strong sense of union, while indicating that the country was now especially in need of its people. Simple words but strong ideas gained great recognition from the audience.

Besides, there are some metaphors in the speech, where the “torch” represents inspiration and spirit, the “fire” means the energy, the faith and the devotion. And “riding the back of the tiger” possibly means “seeking the aid of socialist countries”. Here, the use of metaphor makes the description vivid to warn the new states to maintain their own freedom2.

Next, let’s see how Kennedy used parallelism to build the compact structure.

In one paragraph, he used a series of “any” to call on Americans to spare no efforts to ensure freedom.