The Political System in Saudi Arabia.

It is a widely known fact that Saudi Arabia has been declared absolute monarchy in the world until 1992. At that time the Saud royal family introduced the first constitution of the country.  The political system in Saudi Arabia is ruled by a king who must comply with the basics of the Quran and Sunnah as per Islamic laws laid down by the religion. The political system of the country is the homeland of Arabs where they imposed the world's second largest religion, Islam. Geographical background of this country is a wide part of uninhabited desert land which includes Rub Al Khali and An-Nafud Deserts where a study shows that sandstorms and dunes sometimes exceed 100 ft. in height. In this study, we will briefly evaluate and discussed the political and geographical background of Saudi Arabia.

Muhammad S.A.W founded the religion Islam 1400 years ago. Since then the same had become basic religion in the country. So there is no doubt about the political background of the country that it has always been ruled by Islamic Rulers. This kingdom is an absolute monarchy ruled by Al Saud family for years. Islamic laws and shariah is the primary source of political legislation. However, studies do not prove that this legislation has ever affected by the country’s inner politics and tribal background. The religious laws and shariah rules seem to be evergreen and strong in the past.

Until 1992, Saudi Arabia has never written down country’s basic constitution. At that time, the king issued basic law for the Saudi Arabian government. This document serves a major milestone in the country’s political history. In that royal decree, King Fahd provides basic guidelines for running the government. He set down guidelines about the rights and responsibilities of the citizens. The royal constitution has been published in official newspapers and television on 31 January 1992. In this very first constitution, the king defines the country's judicial, legislative and executive functions. The king then presides over the ministry council who has been officially declared to be responsible for administrative and executive matters of the country both locally and internationally.

The political constitution of Saudi Arabia provides a basic platform regarding its defence, educational, health, and financial background. The basic law of Saudi Arabian government makes its way in 1993, at that time a new consultancy council has established a quasi-legislative body for the country. This consultative council has been founded by the king himself and it includes A-grade technical experts for the technical issues of the country. The members of the council have basic rights to draft and modify the legislation as per needs and demands to run down political affairs of the country.

A very small portion of the country’s population has a right to participate in political affairs of the country as no elections have ever been conducted for national political bodies. Due to shariah compliant rules and strict Islamic laws, the participation of women in political views is limited. Although women are allowed to participate in local municipal councils as per modern political laws laid down by the country. The main power of the country has always been limited to the royal family hands beyond which nobody is allowed to rule down the country in major affairs.