Thesis on Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

AIMS OF THIS STUDY

In this chapter, the aim of this study was to investigate diagnostic situation where individual difference in narcissism become apparent in regard to academic performing. It is proposed that difference in academic performing between narcissists and non-narcissists are not simply matter of degree, but a matter of context. It is hypothesised that accountability and audience status are two social contextual variables that bring about difference in academic performing between narcissists and non-narcissists.

NARCISSISTIC

The clinical disorder of Narcissism (Narcissistic Personality Disorder) is depicted in The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) of the American Psychiatric Association as: "A pervasive example of pretentiousness requirement for adoration and absence of sympathy Gall as "the identity quality that peculiarities a misrepresented feeling of the individual's own particular significance and capacities." Narcissists regularly trust "themselves to be remarkably talented and normally participate in dreams of spectacular achievement, force, or distinction" (Kegan P1). Individual with this sort of turmoil regularly have issue with their respect toward oneself, normally absence of compliment in the past by providing for themselves compliment in the present and anticipating that their associates will do that also. Off and on again they decline to accept the likelihood that they can accuse others when they commit irreversible errors. Ironically, narcissistic person often unable to accurately assess their abilities and will commonly dream of being powerful without realizing the consequences.  Therefore, the next step in assessing of narcissism was to examine what it is about narcissism that leads to the downfall of their characteristic. The first step to do was to examine them to fully understand the psychology of the archetypal narcissist.

According to Sigmund Freud in his essay “On Narcissism,” Narcissism begins with primary narcissism which is naturally developed in our instinct when we are young children. The level of narcissism is connected with Freud’s Id, where young children where young children are only consumed with their very own needs and desires. The level of narcissism that the ordinary individual displays later in our life is known as secondary narcissism; where individual seek personal gratification for their achievement. The secondary narcissism can develop into two sub categories: cerebral and somatic narcissism. Cerebral narcissism it involves deep satisfaction and adoration for one’s own intellectual capabilities and achievement while the somatic narcissism it involves obsession with one’s physique and sexual conquest.

Karen Horney further created the thought of narcissism as a character characteristic, concentrating predominantly on all the more plainly characterizing numerous "dissimilar" representations of narcissism and she additionally guessed it’s brought on and outcomes. Horney characterized narcissism as "self indulging" implying that the narcissist "cherish and respects himself without sufficient establishment. Horney concurred with Freud's concept of optional narcissism is originating from the absence of adoration from parental figures and she thoroughly considered this was communicated tyrant of tolerant and liberal child rearing style. Narcissist individual likewise have a tendency to look for shallow relationship unto others which add to their status and distinction they have an exclusive standard unto others yet they are enduring poor social abilities in light of the fact that they are conceited and they need enthusiasm to others and they have an extremely impossible perspective for themselves.