Genetic Diseases - Thalassemia

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United Arab Emirates University

Science Faculty

Biology Department

Basic biology

Thalassemia

Name: Abdullah Al-hamyeri

ID : 200935268  

Summer course 2015

Instructor name: Dr. Mohammad Al Deeb

Content

Introduction ..……………………………………………………………………… 2

Hemoglobin Structure ……….…….……………………………………………… 3

Types of  Thalassemia …………………..………………………………………… 3

How does Thalassemia transmitted ……………………..………………………… 5

How can prevent Thalassemia ……………………...…..………………………… 6

Care ………………………………………………………………………………. 6

Thalassemia in UAE ………….………………………………………………….. 7

Conclusion …………………………………………………………………..……. 8

Resource ………………………………………………………………………….. 9

Introduction

There are many genetic diseases that infect humans. Thalassemia is one of the most inherited disease in our region. The origin of disease from the Mediterranean areas and speared through the Middle East to the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia (Ye, 2009). Thalassemia is a genetic blood disorder that affect human’s ability to make hemoglobin (NIH, 2012). The hemoglobin is the protein in red blood cell that gives them their red color and carry oxygen to the all body tissues (PDB, 2003). Without hemoglobin we cannot live because the oxygen is very important for our bodies. In the past, before the discovery of the disease worldwide distribution, it was known as Mediterranean Anemia(Ye, 2009).men and women equally affected by Thalassemia and occurs in approximately 4.4 of every 10,000 live births (Elhams, 2010).

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Hemoglobin Structure

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The hemoglobin  is a Protein (Hb) consists of two parts: iron-containing heme ring and four globin chains (Figure 01) : two α and two non-α. The composition of the four globin chains determines the Hb type. The Fetal Hb (HbF) has two α and two γ chains (α2γ2) (MUNCIE, 2009). The Adult HbA has two α and two β chains (α2β2).However,  HbA2 has two α and two δ chains (α2δ2). At birth, HbF accounts for approximately 80% of Hb and HbA accounts for 20% (MUNCIE, 2009).[pic 4]