Introduction to Nuclear Physics

INTRODUCTION TO NUCLEAR PHYSICS

WHY STUDY?

        TO KNOW WHERE ELEMENTS CAME FROM

        FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING OF RADIOACTIVITY

        WE’RE ALL MADE UP OF STARDUST

NUCLEAR PROPERTIES

        COMPOSITION

        MASS-ENERGY

STABILITY

        SIZE

NUCLEUS COMPOSITION

        PROTON

        NEUTRON

        QUARK

        STRONG FIELD

        ELECTROMEAGNETIC FIELD

RUTHERFORD SCATTERING EXPERIMENT

        DISCOVERY OF PROTON

NITROGEN SHOT BY ALPHA PARTICLE

        DETECTED SIGNS OF HYDROGEN

GEIGER AND MARSDEN

        ALL ATOM OF ANY ELEMENT HAVE THE SAME UNIQUE NUCLEAR CHARGE

        THE CHARGE IS ALWAYS A MULTIPLE OF +e

NUCLEON: BOTH PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

NUCLIDE: ANY ATOMIC SPECIES CHARACTERIZED BY PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

TYPES OF NUCLIDES (BASED ON P AND N):

        ISOTOPES: SAME NO. OF PROTONS BUT DIFFERENT IN NEUTRONS

        ISOBARS: SAME ATOMIC WEIGHT

        ISOTONES: SAME NEUTRON BUT DIFFERENT PROTON

        ISODIAPHERS: SAME NO. OF PROTONS OR NEUTRONS, BUT THE SAME DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE NUMBER OF PROTONS AND NEUTRONS

         ISOMERS: SAME FORMULA BUT DIFFERENT ARRANGEMENT OF ATOMS