Microbiology Lab Report

Lab

I. Centers for Disease Control

Morbidity and Mortality:

Malaria-

• A mosquito-borne disease
• Caused by parasite
• Symptoms include fever, chills, flu-like illness
• Can cause death
• Only 63 outbreaks in between 1957-2011 in the United States
• There is still a high risk of malaria because mosquitoes that have the disease are still prevalent.
• Caused 660,000 deaths worldwide in 2010
• Pregnant women are more susiptible to Plasmodium falciparum malaria
• Once parasite invades liver cell, it grows for six days and produces up to 40,000 daughter cells which are released into blood once liver ruptures.
• Four people have received Nobel prizes for their work related to malaria

Emerging Infectious Diseases:

Avian Influenza Type A-

• Rarely infects humans, only a few cases of human infection have been reported
• Caused by direct or close contact with infected poultry
• Since 2003, more than 600 cases of human infection have been reported in 15 countries
• Low pathogenic avian influenza A virus infections in humans range from conjunctivitis to flu-like illness.
• Flu-like symptoms are fever, cough, sore throat and muscle aches
• Highly pathogenic avian influenza A virus infection leads to death
• Cannot be diagnosed by clinical signs and symptoms, lab tests are required
• There are four prescription antiviral medications licensed that can be used to treat avian influenza type A
• Main way to prevent infection with avian influenze A is to avoid sources of exposure.
• Another way to prevent infection is to avoid infected poultry
• No vaccination will prevent infection but they can reduce the risk of infection

World Health Organization:

Tuberculosis-TB-

• Spreads through the air by person
• TB bacteria put in air when a person with the disease of the lungs or throat coughs, sneezes, speaks or even sings.
• TB can live in the body even without making you sick
• Latent TB infection is when a person who has breathed in TB bacteria and becomes infected, but their body is able to fight the bacteria to stop the growth.  They don’t feel sick or have symptoms. They can’t spread the bacteria and aren’t infectious.
• If TB bacteria become active in the body and multiply, the person will then get TB disease.
•  Many who have latent TB never develop the disease
• TB disease can be treated using several drugs
• Takes 6-9 months, only if patient finishes all medication
• Some cases of TB disease that are resistant to drugs are harder and more expensive to treat.

2) Taxonomy

Phylum                                                         Genus-species                  Disease

Actinobacteria (Gram positive)                Streptomyces, S. scabiel       scabies

Firmicutes (Gram-positive)        Bacillus, Streptococcus, Clostridium  Strep throat

Chlamydia (Gram-neg)                            Chlamydia                           Chlamydia