Respiration Practice

Introduction:

Yeast refers to any of the various unicellular eukaryotic fungi micro-organisms, that are important for their ability to perform the decomposition through fermentation of various organic bodies, mostly sugars or carbohydrates, producing different substances.

The yeasts reproduce asexually by budding and sexually by ascospores or basidioesporas. During asexual reproduction a new bud emerges from the leavening when conditions are right, after which the yolk is separated from the mother to reach adult size. In nutrient-poor conditions yeasts are capable of sexual reproduction will form ascospores. The yeasts are unable to travel the entire sexual cycle are classified within the genus Candida.

Yeast is the first eukaryotic cell in which it has attempted to express recombinant proteins because it is easy industrial use is cheap and easy to grow it is doubling every 90 minutes in favourable nutrient conditions. It is also easy to modify an organism genetically allowing experiments over several days or weeks.

For this experiment, the respiratory substrates added into the yeast solution are:

- Glucose: Glucose is a monosaccharide with molecular formula C6H12O6, the same as the fructose but with different relative positions of the groups-OH and O =. Is a hexose. Contains 6 carbon atoms and is an aldose, the carbonyl group is at the end of the molecule. It is a form of sugar found in fruit and free honey.

- Fructose: The fructose, is a form of sugar found in fruits and in honey. Is a monosaccharide with the same empirical formula as glucose but with different structure. Is a ketohexose (6 carbon atoms) Its energy is 4 kilocalories per gram. Its chemical formula is C6H12O6. All natural fruits have some amount of fructose (often with glucose), which can be extracted and concentrated to an alternative sugar.

- Sucrose: Sucrose is the organic compound commonly known as table sugar and sometimes-called saccharose. A white, odorless, crystalline powder with a sweet taste, it is best known for its nutritional role. The molecule is a disaccharide composed of glucose and fructose with the molecular formula C12H22O11.

- Starch: Starch is a carbohydrate or amylum Consisting of a large number of glucose units joined together by glycosidic bonds. This polysaccharide is produced by all green plants as an energy store. The molecular formula is: (C6H10O5)n)

- Aspartame: Aspartame is a methyl ester of the dipeptide of the natural amino acids L-aspartic acid and L-phenylalanine.