Conceptualizing Addiction Paper

Conceptualizing Addiction Paper

Lisa Mendez

BSHS/455

10/26/2015

Latera Davis

Conceptualizing Addiction Paper

Addiction is defined as the state of being enslaved to a habit or practice or to something that is psychologically or physically habit forming, as narcotics, to such an extent that its cessation causes severe trauma (addiction. (n.d.). Addiction can happen to anyone at any age. Some women do drugs while they are pregnant. Other individuals may get addicted to drugs or alcohol when they are a teenager/adult. No matter what age you are when you become addicted it is serious, and has many effects on your body and mind. In this paper I will compare and contrast two models of conceptualizing addiction. This paper will also describe the models, how they are synergistic, or how they take competing views. Lastly, I will include a summary about which theory is most useful for helping to intervene on addiction.

 The psychological model includes the learning theory, cognitive behavioral theories, and psychodynamic theories. The learning theory assumes that alcohol or drug use results in a decrease in psychological states such as anxiety, stress, and tension, thus positively reinforcing the user (McNeece & DiNitto, 2012). Cognitive behavioral theories describe a variety of motivations for taking drugs. These motivators can include; wanting to fit in, try something new, and boredom. Psychodynamic theories involves more complex explanations to why individuals develop an addiction to drugs. Each theory in the psychological model explains addiction in terms of a malfunctioning learning process or thought process that can be reversed. When it comes to less severe cases of addiction this type of treatment can be very effective. However, there will always be individuals who will need multi-treatment approach. Psychological models see mental disorders as the cause of addiction ("Psychological Causes of Addiction", 2015). Another model of conceptualizing addiction is the biological model. According to the biological model, each person's unique physiology and genetics causes addiction ("Psychological Causes of Addiction", 2015). 

The biological model focuses on genetics and the biological forces of nature. Recovery consists of recognizing and understanding one's genetic vulnerability. Once this vulnerability is identified it becomes necessary to abstain (or at least moderate) from addictive substances and activities. Treatment provides education that helps people to understand and accept their genetic predisposition. There is a heightened emphasis on the importance of abstinence ("Psychological Causes of Addiction", 2015).