Digital and Analog Signal

Every day, millions of information is being transmitted through the internet, information that is generated by computers is in the form of digital data, so how exactly do the computers transfer the data from one end to the other end? To explain the processes that are involved in the transmission of data, we need to start the explanation from where the data are created in the computer and then begin with the transmission. First of all we need to know that for computer to communicate with other computers, we need some kind of connection and most of the computer nowadays communicate through the internet. For the computer to be able to connect to the internet, we first need to establish a connection to the network that links the computer together and hence connects to the internet via our Internet Service Provider (ISP). When data are generated in a computer and are ready to be send to other computer, the data need to follow certain rules or protocol to enable to the data to be successfully sent to the destination without any loss of information. The set of rules that is used to control the communication of data over the internet is the network model named TCP/IP, also stands for Transmission Control Protocol and Internet Protocol.

Data generated from a computer will run through the TCP/IP network model which contains several layers, at this point the data is in the form of digital signal. Digital signal is data signal that has discrete states which in the computer’s case is in the form of binary. So how do we send the data over to other computers? We start by converting the digital signal that is ready to be sent by the computer into analog signal using a device called modem. Analog signal is data signal that is continuous which is in wave form. This conversion process is necessary because we are using copper cable to transmit the data and the transmission of data through copper cable are usually in the form of analog signal. So the modem from the sender