Three Perspectives on the Nature of Addiction

Three Perspectives on the Nature of Addiction

Addiction as Immoral Conduct

This theory suggests that the addiction is a representation of the individual refusing to abide by a moral code of conduct. It is a freely chosen behavior and considered evil. This lack of morals misconduct goes for all sins such as gambling, killing and stealing. This theory believes that the individual has the decision making skills to control their behavior. Therefore, the punishments are legal ramifications and no help, like rehabilitation, for the addict (Thombs & Osborn, 2013).

Some of the disadvantages of this theory are that it is not clear or scientifically proven that the addict is freely choosing to behave in a manner that causes suffering in the addicts life, loved ones, and environment. Another disadvantage is that addiction is not a simple phenomenon, there are many variables like; pharmacological, biological, and psychological factors that need to be considered with each individual being a unique case. Also, it is proven through-out history that punishment is not an effective way to reduce or help addiction in the population but according to the Immoral Conduct theory this is the logical way in dealing with their “evil” immoral conduct (Thombs & Osborn, 2013).

Addiction as a disease

This theory believes that there is a genetic origin of an existing disease. Meaning, no one can drink or do drugs until they become an addict, unless there is a genetic vulnerability. The nature of the illness is not yet implicated or understood except for the fact that it has a genetic origin. This theory proposes that the addict is a victim to the illness and it is beyond their control, they are not evil or irresponsible, they have a disease. The addicts need compassion, care, and treatment (Thombs & Osborn, 2013).

Some of the disadvantages of this hypothesis are that some of these concepts are not fully supported by scientists or empirical evidence. It is not considered a strictly medical condition, and research is not used in a substantial segment of the theory (Thombs & Osborn, 2013).

Addiction as Maladaptive Behavior

This position purposes that addiction is a learned behavior. It is the inability to live a healthy life and continues to engage in behaviors that compromise their environment, family, and social interaction. This theory suggests that the addict is a victim of destructive living conditions and fails to self-regulate in their challenging environment.  It is a maladaptive behavior pattern (Thombs & Osborn, 2013).