Topics on P101 Exam #3

Topics on P101 Exam #3:

Chapter 4:

• Consciousness (arousal and awareness)

• 6 levels of awareness

• Biological rhythms & circadian rhythms

• Stages of wakefulness and sleep

• Characteristics of the brain waves for each stage

• Main behavioral characteristics of each stage

• SCN and its role in sleep

• 3 main neurotransmitters in sleep

• Common sleep disorders

• Sleep patterns over the lifespan

• Need for sleep/effects of no sleep,

• Altered states of consciousness (mainly psychoactive drugs)

• Addiction (what it is)

• What are the categories or drugs (hallucinogens, depressants, stimulants)

• What they mainly do (stimulants increase activity in the brain, for example)

Chapter 5:

• What is learning?

• What is associative learning?

• What is conditioning?

• 2 types of Associative Learning (classical & operant)

• Pavlov, Watson, Skinner (their main contributions)

• Classical conditioning (definition, terms and characteristics)

• Acquisition, contiguity, contingency, generalization, discrimination, etc)

• Operant Conditioning (definition, reinforcement, punishment)

• positive/negative reinforcement

• positive/negative punishment

• Types of reinforcers,

• generalization, discrimination, extinction

• Schedules of reinforcement

• Fixed ad variable ratio

• Fixed and variable interval

• Other (more recent) types of Learning:

• Observational Learning Model (Bandura)

• Purposive Learning (purposive, latent) (Tolman)

• Insight Learning (Kohler)

• Psychological constraints