Diabetes Mellitus Type 2

For the case of Diabetes mellitus type 2, formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes, it is the more common form of diabetes mellitus making up approximately ninety percent of cases of diabetes with the other less common form diabetes mellitus type 1 and gestational diabetes making up the remaining ten percent. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is a metabolic disorder where the body does not produce enough insulin or is ignored by the cells as opposed to diabetes mellitus type 1, formerly known as insulin dependent diabetes or juvenile diabetes, where the body attacks and destroys the insulin it produces. In this paper, readers will discover changes within the body of a person with diabetes mellitus type 2 (pathophysiology), results of the disease (pathogenesis), study of the disease and origin (epidemiology), and the cause of diabetes mellitus type 2 (etiology).

The meaning of pathophysiology is the functional changes associated with or resulting from disease injury, symptoms, and the scientific study of such changes. According to Carrera Boada CA, and Martinez-Moreno JM (2013), "Diabetes mellitus type 2 at the very lease involves two primary mechanisms, the first being a progressive decline in pancreatic islet cell function resulting in reduced insulin secretion and the second being the peripheral insulin resistance resulting in a decrease in the metabolic responses to insulin. The first state of the disease is known as prediabetes, which is characterized by a great hyperglycemia, enough to increase the number of retinopathies, nephropathies, and neuropathies incidences."

When it comes to the pathogenesis, diabetes mellitus type 2 has a very complex path with a variety of situations that play as a factor that can cause the disease to develop. According to Leahy JL (2005), if the blood glucose level rises by even a small amount, then acquired defects in the glucose homeostasis system occur and cause the blood glucose level to rise into the range known as the impaired glucose tolerance. This increase of blood glucose combined with the excess fatty acids that are a standard feature of