Schizophrenia Understanding the Disease Progression and Therapeutic Approach

Schizophrenia is blatantly the most dreadful psychotic disorder we need to pry in, given its prototype symptoms, complex etiology, pathophysiology and treatment approaches. Furthermore, people in prime of their lives fall target to schizophrenia. This study reveals the general description and discusses diverse modes of the disease. The study advances with more focus on the mechanistic pathways and not only the conventional Neurotransmitter/Receptor theories, rather on newer neurodevelopmental approaches such as genetic susceptibility i.e. NRG-1 and DISC-1 and its associate biomolecules FES-1, NUDEL & LIS-1 standing, reelin association, DNA Methylation, calcineurin hypothesis, prenatal and perinatal manifestations & viral infections. Further this article encompasses classification of the clinical symptoms into positive, negative and cognitive deficit symptoms followed by the therapy for a clinically diagnosed schizophrenic patient and discussion of common paradox of FGAs and SGAs, considering the better efficacy with lesser EPS. It concludes with the brief discussion on need of compliance for the schizophrenic patients and how SGA Depot Injections are helpful for patients with poor compliance.

Schizophrenia is blatantly the most dreadful psychotic disorder we need to pry in, given its prototype symptoms, complex etiology, pathophysiology and treatment approaches. Furthermore, people in prime of their lives fall target to schizophrenia. At any given time 1% of the population globally suffers from this disorder sparing no race, age, gender or different geographical regions. Despite the relative lesser prevalence weighed against other life threatening diseases, the intense manifestation appearing in schizophrenic patients leaves them utterly disabled to perform daily activities resulting in psychological aggravation.

The extreme and ominous symptoms of this disorder lead to 10% suicide cases of the affected patients.

Schizophrenia is identified as a neurodevelopmental disorder portrayed by massive disruption of mood, cognitive system and poor filtration of stimuli resulting in a severe paradigm shift.

Schizophrenia within itself may occur in diverse modes, such as

• Hebephrenic/disorganized schizophrenia: marked by incoherent & incongruous behaviour.

• Catatonic schizophrenia: when a patient exhibits a marked psychomotor disturbance causing excitement or stupor.

• Paranoid Schizophrenia: marked by delusions and hallucinations, often vocal and leading the patient astray.

• Residual Schizophrenia: patients who have had one episode justifying the building schizophrenia.

• Undifferentiated Schizophrenia: where evidence is not