Diabetic Kidney Disease

Diabetic Kidney Disease

Introduction

The kidney is an internal organ component of the human body. It is a bean shaped organ, which lies on the lower middle back, or situated on the side of the spine. One kidney weighs a quarter of a pound and contains millions of filtering units called nephrones, made of the glomerulus and a tubule. The tubule is a structure comparable to a tube attached to the glomerulus, which is a tiny sieving organ or device. Many pathological processes in the anatomical location occurs in diabetic kidney.

Kidney diseases

In humans, the kidneys have tubes called the ureters, which connect it to the urinary bladder. Urine storage occurs in the urinary bladder before urination or emptying of the bladder. Urethra connects the urinary bladder with the outside elements of the human body. The kidney is an essential part in the human body because it aids in various functions that make the body operate perfectly. The kidney assists the body by minimizing the extra water and waste particles. These waste products are a result of the normal metabolic processes in the body (Vallon & Thomson, 2012, 460). Kidney disease transpires when an individual kidney system lacks the ability to perform its normal functions. It becomes a chronic kidney disease gradually when there is a permanent loss of the kidney roles (Kanwar et al, 2011, 400). When the kidney fails to operate, there is an accumulation of the toxic substances, water, and waste in the body supposed to excrete by the aid of the kidney.

There are several types of kidney failure, for example, acute intrinsic kidney failure, which occurs when there is a sudden loss of function caused by direct damage to the kidney. A larger percentage of this kidney disease occurs because of lack of oxygen supply to the kidney also caused by toxins in the body. The toxins that can cause this kidney disease include antibiotics, medical imaging dyes, chemotherapy medicine, and organic solvents in the body. Another form of kidney disease is prerenal kidney failure, caused by a long-standing heart failure in approximately 80% of the affected patients. It occurs when there is low supply of blood to the kidney causing it to shrink and, therefore, stop functioning (Vallon & Thomson, 2012, 360). In addition, acute prerenal kidney failure is a form of kidney failure caused by a sudden loss of a function in the kidney due to lack of supply of blood in the kidney, in this disorder the filtering system does not have any material to filter.

Nephrotic syndrome

Chronic post renal kidney failure is a kidney disorder caused by a long-standing impediment of the urinary outflow, which causes pressure back up in the kidney. The condition is primarily caused by bladder or kidney stones and neurogenic bladder. Nephrotic syndrome occurs when there