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Psychology Notes Psychiatric Disorders

Autor:   •  February 28, 2016  •  Course Note  •  605 Words (3 Pages)  •  934 Views

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Chapter 15: PSYCHIATRIC DISORDERS

Abnormality

  • Statistical
  • Violation of socially standards
  • Maladaptivity
  • Subjective abnormality or distress
  • Biological injury or abnormality

Myths About Mental Illness

  • Incurable
  • Violent and dangerous
  • Very different from normal people; bizarre behaviour

Historical Concepts

  • Demonic Model
  • Spirits, possession
  • Medical Model
  • Asylums
  • Unscientific (blood letting)
  • Moral Treatment
  • Led to modern era
  • Proposed treating people with dignity and respect 
  • Deinstitutionalization
  • Closing asylums, letting people live with the public
  • Problems of not taking medicine

DSM V

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Purposes

  1. Guide treatment choices
  2. Allow clinics to communicate
  3. Concrete diagnosis – insurance companies
  4. Permit research

Criticisms

  • Places people in discontinuous categories
  • There is a lot of overlap of symptoms
  • Comorbidities (presence of additional disorders)

Mood Disorders

Major Depressive Episode

Must have 5 of 9 symptoms

  • Either
  • Depressed mood/irritable
  • Anhedonia: Diminished pleasure from activities

  • 4 or More
  • Less eating
  • Insomnia / hypersomnia
  • Psychomotor agitation / retardation
  • Fatigue
  • Feelings of worthlessness
  • Diminished ability to think and concentrate
  • Recurring thoughts of death

Factors influencing depression

  • Genetics
  • Biological/neurochemical mechanisms
  • Hormones, neurotransmitters
  • Cognitive factors
  • Interpersonal factors
  • Stress

Who gets sick?

  • Women more than men

Risks of Depression:

  • Suicide
  • Less physical activity
  • More sicknesses

Seasonal Affective Disorder

(SAD)

  • Form of depression that follows seasons
  • Linked to Circadian Rhythm and Melatonin 
  • Treatment: Lamps, sleep, exercise

Bipolar

  • One or more Manic Episodes
  • Used to be called Manic Depression

Criteria For Manic Episode

  • Distinct period of elevated and goal oriented mood for 1 week
  • 3 or more
  • Inflated self esteem
  • Decreased need for sleep
  • More talkative
  • Many ideas; racing thoughts
  • Easily distract
  • Increase in goal directed activity
  • Risky / potentially painful activities (eg. Gambling, spending spree)  

Bipolar 1

At least one manic episode and one major depressive episode

Bipolar 2

At least one Hypomanic episode and one major depressive episode

...

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